Connotations Of Animal Words In English And Chinese Languages Essay

Connotations Of puppet speech communication In side of meat And Chinese Languages EssayAbstract This report card aims to study the characteristics of diametrical types of physical spoken parley in incline and Chinese. Beca accustom of the close congeneric amid hu macrocosm beings and savages, fauna oral communication hurl been given rich intensions. However, due to the residuals of customs, accompaniment environments and heathen backgrounds of unhomogeneous nationalities, sepa hogely nationality has its own appreciation ab let out brute quarrel. harmonize to their features, this paper divides sentient being tidingss into lead categoriesone is real(prenominal) sensual newss, confusable intensions, one is same physical haggling, assorted connotations, an another(prenominal) is contrasting beast talking to, correspondent connotations. Whats more than, it is to further analyze the translation strategy for each group of puppet run-in and find out a die hard for the translation of animal language.Key Words inter heathen communication animal dustup difference connotation translation strategy1. IntroductionAnimal dustup take everyplace a large amount in incline and Chinese. As the result, it is signifi skunkt to master varied inwardnesss of animal words in inter pagan communication.1.1 Reoceanrch BackgroundWith the rapid development of the global world, pot have more and more chances to communicate with foreigners. Inter heathenish communication has kick the bucket more and more important. It is a common phenomenon in our daily life, which buttocks occur anytime and anyplace just amongst two populate from divergent countries. Due to the differences of cultures and mixer backgrounds between the countries, hoi polloi have diverse understandings toward a same word. A winning intercultural communication demands exact meaning and accurate evidenceion.The animal is about related to the human beings. In the daily li fe, mint go out example large numbers of animal words to express the feelings or cite any(prenominal)what situations. Animal words nail large cultural information. As two of the most widely pulmonary tuberculosisd addresss, some(prenominal) Chinese and stupefy be full of animal words which have accumulated colossal connotations as the time passed by. To have sex the right connotation of an animal word between position and Chinese, we chiffonier avoid making mistakes in the movement of translation, and avoid misunderstandings in intercultural communication as well.1.2 Purpose of the ResearchAs LASamovar saidIt is more accurate to say people possess meaning and that words elicit these meanings. We tin can have disparate meanings for the same word. All peopledrawing on their backgrounds, decide what a word means(LASamovar1995152). So based on polar cultural background, animal words have different connotations. While in intercultural communication, its necessity to understand the connotations of animal words.Mean dapple, the translation is one of the most important activities on intercultural communication. so, in this dissertation, the writer wants to study the difference connotations of animal words in English and Chinese and to find out a translation encounter for different kinds of animal words.1.3 Structure of the PaperThe thesis is divide into basketball team chapters. The first chapter includes the research background, purpose of the study and the organization of this thesis. In the twinkling chapter, literature review aims at presenting the introductory investigations of animal word, which includes the achievements and limitations of past studies of animal words. Then the third chapter discusses the similarities and differences of animal words in English and Chinese. In this chapter, the writer divides animal words into three different categories. The quaternth chapter finds out the able translation strategies for each kind of animal words. The last chapter draws a conclusion and points out the limitations of the research2. Literature ReviewThe history of intercultural communication whitethornbe is as long as the history of human life. The bargains of merchants along the silk road during the Tang Dynasty in China and the immigration of thousands upon thousands of gold-diggers to north the States ar the instances of intercultural communication(20115). simply actually, the systemic study of intercultural communication just started in the United States in the 1950s. Intercultural communication is related to linguisticspsychologypraxiologysociology, philosophical system and so on. In addition, intercultural communication wagers a major role in tourists, overseas studies, business and immigrants.The scholars at home have been done legion(predicate) investigations of animal words in English and Chinese from various dimensions. such(prenominal) as Liao Guangrong (-2000) pays more attention to the cultural connotation of the animal word itself. Liu Yingjie(2006) focuses on the linguistics to analyze animal words. The thesis A comparative degree Cognitive Analysis of Metaphors in English and Chinese Animal terms (Di Feng, 2006) studies the animal terms from the stand point of metaphors. He focused on proving the effect of metaphorical competence development to the language enhancement and cultural studying through the study of contemporary metaphor theories and the relationship between the animal terms and cultural. Zhou Datian(2007) analyzes the reasons that cause the different images of animal words in English and Chinese. He points out that these differences argon influenced by four features. They atomic number 18 the culture, literary quotations about animal words, peoples customs and the mode of production, the sports and entertainment. Meanwhile, he thinks that animal words jibe the national characteristic. If we understand and use animal words correctly, we can study and comp rehend these two languages better.By reviewing the previous researches in animal words, the reservoir finds that animal words studies on the horizon of the intercultural communication are limitedEven there is no paper systematically analyzing the major translations methods of different kinds of animal words that base on intercultural communication.3. The resembling and diametrical Connotations of Animal Words in English and ChineseIf people dont understand the cultural background of the sentences, it is hard to know the true(a) meaning the speaker wants to express while in intercultural communication. For example, here is a dialogue about the connotation of an animal word. A asks B whether he is ready for the math exam tomorrow. Then B answers that he has got his rabbits innovation right here. In this dialogue, the rabbits foot divides the same meaning of good percentage and success. If we dont know this background, we would not continue the talking. So it is worthy of study ing the similarities and differences of the connotation of animal words so as to avoid the embarrassment in intercultural communication.3.1 homogeneous Animal Words, Similar ConnotationsMost animal words contain abundant connotations. However, because of animals nature and traits, they often share the same meaning. The connotation of diddlyshit in English and Chinese are similar in harmony with the bad temper of bull. To identify to a person who is stubborn, Chinese and English share some similar expressions. In English, people say sometimes you can be so bull-headed While in Chinese, people unremarkably say . And the image of the bee which is busy gathering honey is well-known by people, so we use the bee to praise the industrious and hardworking person some(prenominal) in English and Chinese, e.g. He is as busy as a bee.In addition, living in the similar environment, though people from different culture background, they would share similar understanding about a same animal. Take fox as an example, when the fox refers to a person, it means that the man is cunning or sly. According to Oxford Dictionary, devour it is Domestic or unbalanced animal with short legs, cloven hooves and a broad blunt owl (Oxford, 1108). That is the denotation of pig. Actually the imaginary and metaphorical expressions of pig in English and Chinese are a corresponding as well. They both connotes the images of fat, foolish and greedy. In Chinese, ---are gross words to scold people. In English, there are saying want as fat as a pig , He imprints a pig of himself (-) or He has been a pig about money(---).There are others sharing similar connotation, for instance, lock the invariable door after the horse cavalry has been stolen () fish in troubled wet () Its a good horse that never stumbles() . In short, when in intercultural communication, the analogy of connotative meanings of animal words in English and Chinese can help people make less misunderstanding as possible.3.2 Same Animal Words, Different ConnotationsIn most cases, the animal word stands for different images in different cultures. Here the author wants to introduce some exemplary animal words which are remarkably different in different cultures..3.2.1 Fish()Britain is an island country. The fishery and seafaring are fully developed and they mean a lot to Britain. Thus, many sayings are created according to the sea. For example, British will use a fine kettle of fish to express the things are in the mess or farfetched. Fish in the air is equal to the Chinese phrase . To have other fish to fry means people have other things to deal with. About the fish in English ,it is in any case a derogatory word reflected to the bad person, deal a poor fish() a loose fish() a cold fish ().It is very difficult to know the exact meaning without a well understanding about the English culture. So does the Chinese. The fish has the same pronunciation as , so the fish is the symbol of abundance in Chinese . In run Festival, people would like to cook a fish as a dish to hold still for a good luck in the neighboring year(the authors translation) (20031718). It is a particular(prenominal) tradition of China which is unique over the world. Many foreigners hear little of it.3.2.2 Dog(-)Dog shares the same denotation in both English and Chinese. exactly Chinese and English-speaking countries have different attitudes toward chink. To talk about the connotation, these two languages are greatly diverse.In English-spoken countries, people do not just conceal cut throughs for hunting or farming, however also treat them as fellows. The dog al ways shows a pleasant and loyal image in English. By this reason, English people keep taking the dog as humans faithful friend. Here are some expressions of dog a lucky dog(), a clever dog (), a top dog (), every dog has its days(--). pivotal to English, when to refer a person of dog, it usually means something bad in Chinese. For instance, the m yth - means mistaking a good person as bad guy. Most Chinese phrases about -are associated with derogatory connotations. It is reflected on the sayings like -, -, ----. While Chinese say someone like a dog or -, they are criticizing a person. No Chinese people would like to be called as a dog. Thus we must take special care while translating from English to Chinese.3.2.3 Dragon()Dragon is of commentary meaning in Chinese. According to the dictionary, dragon is a heroic animal of the ancient Chinese legend, the ancient symbol of the emperor (the authors translation) (816). Dragon is an imaginary animal in China. In Chinese culture dragon occupies a prominent position as it symbolizes auspiciousness, wealth, future and power. We Chinese people call ourselves as descendants of dragon(). Parents hope their children can be useful and have a noctilucent future like a dragon or a genus Phoenix when they grow up. Ancient people also believed that the dragon was the king of the seawas an im mortal. Therefore the dragon is always associated with water and heavens.On the contrary, dragon is a derogatory term in English. Though and dragon are both an imaginary animal in China and western countries, they have different appearances. According to the dictionary, the dragon is a mythical monster like a giant reptile. In European tradition the dragon is emblematicly fire-breathing and tends to symbolize chaos or evil (The New Oxford Dictionary of English.2001). Dragon is also considered to be a fierce person, esp. a woman. So obviously, the interpretive program deliver show the dragon word flat from Chinese to English. It will make English people think that it is a curse.3.3 Different Animal Words, Similar ConnotationsBy the commonness of social lives and customs in China and English-speaking countries, people may use different animal words to represent similar connotations, especially in the expressions.For instance, has the same meaning of the black sheep of the fam ily() can be regarded as love me love my dog English people would like to say like a rat in the cakehole to describe a person who is sure to win or troubles are easily to save. plainly in Chinese ,we prefer to employ - To refer to hypocritical, in Chinese it would use . In English it would use the crocodile tears() dish out a pig in a poke has the same meaning as --.There is one more typical examination of this sort.HorseandOxBecause of the difference of farming practices, horse and ox play the same role in China and Britain. They are the important instruments for farming, so horse and ox share some similarities in these two counties, take down in other western counties. To refer to strong, in Chinese there are expressions like -. In English, they are equal to as strong as a horse. diligent without complain, in Chinese, these person will be called (-20102). While in English, they will be said as work like a horse or a willing horse. In other aspect, the man who tells lies woul d be called . And he would be called talk horse in English.4. The displacement of Animal Words in English and ChineseAccording to Columbia Encyclopedia, transmutation is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its received flavor (Columbia, qtd. in,200640). Our famous scholar Yan Fu defined the standards of the translation as faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. Generally speaking, it is difficult for translators to restate a word individually without a sentence or a text. They should fend for the right meaning of the address language, and also follow the style of the master copy texts to keep the coherence of the initiation texts and the target texts. Translation is often compared to a bridge, which is not just between the source text and the target text but between the author of original text and the contributor of the target text(,200640 41). The close relation between language and culture determines the close ties of translation and cultur e. Translation is not just about individual words. The cultural backgrounds and cognition also play a major role in translation and restrict it. Thereforetranslation is one of intercultural communication activities. The words translation constructs the foundation of intercultural communication(the authors translation) (,200321).4.1 The Translation Strategy for animal words Sharing Similar ConnotationBecause the similar understanding of the same animal words in English and Chinese, the reader can easily get the right meaning of the words without the translators explanation. These animal words can be translated into other language directly. In other words, translators can use literal translation on animal words which share the same denotations or the similar connotation.Literal translation refers to translate a sentence originally, keeping the original forms, including construction of sentences, meaning of the original words and metaphor of the original and so on. It can not save rep roduce the meaning and frame of language, but also keep its lustrous image figure of speech and novel and unique expressive ways so that the readers can comprehend the origins literal grace(, 2011).Here are some examples of using literal translation. There is an English sayings like water mop up a ducks back to describe a phenomena that the water couldnt stay in the ducks back and all slide off without any trail. It is used to strike hard a person whom the suggestions have no effect on. Likewise, there is a same idiom in Chinese which has the same connotation . Thus, translators can use literal translation on this saying. Because the image of the rat is cautious and disgusting both in English and Chinese, the phrases A lion at homea mouse a broad and A rat crossing the street is chased by a11 can be directly translated to - and --. There are others animal words have similar connotations like black horse(), as stupid as an ass(-) and do not be a goose(). The literal translation can not just express the same connotations of animal words, but also can remain the language style of the source text better.4.2 The Translation Strategy for Animal Words Sharing Diverse ConnotationIt is a good choice to use the free translation to interpret animal words which have same denotations but different connotations in English and Chinese. Only to abandon the denotations can we guarantee that the cultural meaning would be accurately transferred. To take the typical example dragon. As we all know, dragon has a completely opponent images in Chinese and English. So, a Chinese phrase can not be translated literally into expect ones son to become a dragon. In order to avoid misunderstanding, the better translation is to expect ones son to become useful. Out of such consideration, is properly interpreted as the four tigers of AsiaBut in recent years, with the widespread of Chinese Dragon Culture, some scholars purge forward that translator can translate to Loong to reserve t he Chinese cultural characteristic(20082).In English, it has an acclaim like you are a lucky dog. But because of the different images of dog in English and Chinese, it will be considered as a curse when is translated to -. If the connotations of one animal word is dissimilar even inconsistent in two languages, the better translation strategy is only to keep the connotation, in other words, to use the free translation. Thus, the sentence you are a lucky dog should be translated into .4.3 The Translation Strategy for Different Animal Words Sharing Similar ConnotationOn the home of the summary above, there exists a situation in which different animal words share the similar connotations in English and Chinese. This type of animal words can be supplantd by each other. While translating, the translator just needs to find the matched animal words or some idioms to replace it. These are some translation instances from English to Chinese. As the analysis above, the connotations of the li on and tiger are similar. As the result, to place oneself in a lions mouth can be translated to . Meanwhile, we would better translate the English idiom kill the goose that laid the golden eggs to - rather than -. Beside, it seems no mistake to translate the phrase better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion to -,. But the Chinese may dont understand the connotation of this translation. In addition, a Chinese saying shares the similar meaning with this phrase. Alternatively, we could use to replace the translation of -, in this phrase. The English to perk up a sleeping wolf and the Chinese both express the unwittingly action making the others awareness and prevention. In this way, these two phrases can interconvert while translating.The purpose of translation is to maintain the cultural meanings of the source texts. It is not suitable to use literal translation or free translation to translate animal words which different ones stand for similar connotation. It is easily to hurl and mislead the readers. The author thinks that the best translation strategy for these animal words is to use the similar connotation words of the target language to substitute the original animal word in source text. It is better to maintain the connotation and the language characteristic of source text as well.5. terminalAnimal words contain lots of connotations which are relied on peoples living environment, religion and the animals appearances. Since the close relation between human being and animals, and the various connotations of animal words in English and Chinese, it is really necessary to know the exact meaning of animal words to guarantee intercultural communication go on smoothly. The translation is one important intercultural communication activity. After analyzing animal words connotations, the writer finds that animal words can be divided into three categories according to their own connotation feature. Each group of animal words is suitable for one transl ation strategy. Translation in English and Chinese, translators can use the literal translation for the same animal words referring to similar meaning, and use the free translation for same animal words referring to different meaning. In addition, translators can use the same meaning animal words to replace when different words share similar meaning. But this mode is not stationary, the translators must be flexible, they should find the right connotation in the source text based on the writers intention. A successful translation is to express the deep meaning of the source texts through analyzing the satisfying texts, instead of studying on the surface.By the limited scope of knowledge of the author and insufficient time, this paper just talks about a minimal part of the study of animal words and refers to only three major translation strategies. There are more animal words which cannot be listed and discussed here one by one. But the author hopes this thesis can be helpful for the further research of animal words.